Understanding Dialysis: What Happens During Treatment & How to Prepare

Introduction
Facing dialysis for the first time can feel overwhelming—but it doesn’t have to be. Knowing how the process works can help ease uncertainty and make the transition more manageable. This article offers a straightforward guide to dialysis treatment: the options available, what actually happens during a session, and how to cope physically and emotionally.

What is Dialysis?

Dialysis is a medical procedure used when the kidneys can no longer perform their job of filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. It serves as an artificial replacement for kidney function in people with end-stage kidney disease or severe chronic kidney failure.

Types of Dialysis

There are two primary methods for dialysis treatment:

1. Hemodialysis

• Usually performed at a clinic or hospital.

• A machine removes waste and fluid from your blood, then returns the cleaned blood to your body.

• Requires access via a fistula, graft, or catheter, typically in the arm.

2. Peritoneal Dialysis

• Can be done at home, often overnight or multiple times daily.

• Uses the lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) as a natural filter.

• Involves filling the abdominal cavity with a cleansing fluid that draws out waste.

What Happens During a Hemodialysis Session?

Sessions typically last between three to five hours, and here’s what to expect:

• Check-in: Nurses record your blood pressure, temperature, and weight.

• Accessing the bloodstream: Two needles are inserted into your access point to connect you to the machine.

• Filtration process: Your blood flows through a special filter where waste is removed.

• Monitoring: Staff watch for any reactions or changes in your vital signs.

• Recovery: You might feel a bit tired or weak afterward, but this usually passes with rest.

Common Effects and Reactions

Some patients may experience side effects during or after treatment. These can include:

• Tiredness or exhaustion

• Muscle aches or cramps

• Low blood pressure

• Feeling dizzy or nauseous

• Skin irritation or dryness

These symptoms vary by individual and can often be reduced with proper support and care adjustments.

How to Prepare for Dialysis

Being prepared makes a big difference in how you feel during and after dialysis. Consider the following:

• Stick to your treatment plan – Regular sessions are vital for your health.

• Follow dietary advice – Pay attention to fluid intake and limit foods high in phosphorus, potassium, and salt.

• Communicate openly – Keep your care team informed of any symptoms or concerns.

• Stay occupied – Bring a book, music, or something to keep you comfortable and distracted during the session.

Emotional Well-being and Support

Dialysis can impact your emotional health just as much as your physical health. Feeling worried, frustrated, or low is common. Seeking emotional support through therapy, patient communities, or family discussions can provide much-needed relief and encouragement.

Conclusion

Dialysis doesn’t have to be scary when you understand how it works. With the right knowledge, support system, and preparation, you can adapt to this new routine and continue to lead a fulfilling life. Talk with your nephrologist and care team regularly—they’re there to help you every step of the way.